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The Global Academy and its Institutes are
guided and inspired by an International Advisory Board. The Academy is in
the process of significantly expanding the existing board to create an even
wider representation of the breadth of issues and stakeholder
constituencies. By including international representatives of the diverse
perspectives and stakeholder groups, we want to encourage trust among
disparate audiences that the work of the Institute is open and fair, and
that its dialogues do not favor the agenda of any particular group.
Ray
Anderson is
chairman and CEO of Interface Corporation, the world’s
largest producer of commercial carpet. Mr. Anderson’s mission is to make
Interface a sustainable corporation by battling waste and pioneering the
processes of sustainable development. Mr. Anderson was named co-chairman of
the President’s Council on Sustainable Development in 1997, and received the
inaugural Millennium Award from Global Green, presented by Mikhail Gorbachev
in September 1996. He also was named the winner of the 2001 George and
Cynthia Mitchell International Prize for Sustainable Development.
W. French
Anderson, Ph.D., is the director of the Gene
Therapy Laboratories at University of Southern California’s Keck School of
Medicine where he also serves as professor of biochemistry and pediatrics.
Before joining the USC faculty in 1992, he was chief of the Molecular
Hematology Branch at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute at the
National Institutes of Health where he worked as a gene therapy researcher
for 27 years. Dr. Anderson headed the team that carried out the first
approved human gene therapy clinical protocol, is recognized as an ongoing
innovator in the research area of human gene transfer, and is also known as
a leading ethicist in the field of human genetic engineering. Dr. Anderson’s
principal area of research is advanced gene therapy delivery systems.
Jensine
Andresen, Ph.D., is assistant professor of
theology at Boston University. Dr. Andresen’s current research focuses on
developing a psychoanalytic interpretation of Tibetan Buddhist Vajrayana
doctrine and practice. She also maintains an interest in bioethics,
particularly xenotransplantation, gene therapy, human cloning, stem cell
research, and intellectual property rights. She also pursues research on
cognitive science and religious experience.
Ken-ichi
Arai, M.D., is
chairman of the Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology,
Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo. Dr. Arai received
his M.D. from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, his Ph.D. in
Biochemistry also from the University of Tokyo, and has held positions in
both disciplines at Stanford University and the University of Tokyo.
Warren A.
Bennis, Ph.D. is the distinguished professor of
business administration at the University of South California and the
founding chairman of USC’s Leadership Institute. His books include
Organizing Genius, Why Leaders Can’t Lead and On Becoming a Leader,
and two of his books have earned the McKinsey Award for the Best Book of
Management. Dr. Bennis has served in an advisory capacity to the past four
US presidents and consulted to many corporations and agencies and to the
United Nations.
Mitchell
J. Blutt, M.D., is the executive partner of
Chase Capital Partners and an adjunct assistant professor of medicine at New
York Hospital/Cornell Medical Center. Dr. Blutt is responsible for venture capital
strategy and directs all health care industry investing in Chase Capital
Partners, and he participates in the overall management of the business. Dr. Blutt teaches a course at Weill Medical College of Cornell University on
new business development in the health care industry. From 1987 – 1999, Dr.
Blutt provided clinical care in Cornell Internal Medicine Associates. Prior
to joining Chase Capital Partners and Cornell, Dr. Blutt was a Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania School of
Medicine and the Wharton School.
Shen-Yen
Ch’an is a renowned teacher of Ch’an (Zen) Buddhism.
At the age of 13, he left his home near Shanghai to become a monk. During
the period of Communist unrest, he went to southern Taiwan and spent six
years in solitary retreat. Later, he continued his formal study, earning a
doctorate in Buddhist Literature from Rissho University in Tokyo. He now
divides his time between New York, where is the resident teacher at the Ch’an Meditation Center he founded, and Taipei, where he is the abbot of two
monasteries.
Audrey
Chapman, Ph.D., is the director of the Science and
Human Rights Program of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science (AAAS), and she also directs the AAAS Program of Dialogue on
Science, Ethics and Religion. She is an ordained minister of the United
Church of Christ. Dr. Chapman’s research interests include issues related to
economic, social and cultural rights, truth and reconciliation, and
religious ethics pertaining to genetics. One of her current research
projects explores the ethical and policy implications of human germ line
interventions and human stem cell research.
Rodrigo
Costa da Rocha Loures is CEO of Nutrimental, a $60
million food company in Brazil. Loures has worked to make his company a
"breakthrough organization" and has been transforming his workplace through
the practice of "Appreciative Inquiry." Nutrimental exports non-GMO soybeans
to Europe and supports organic farming.
Zhangliang Chen, Ph.D.,
is vice president of Peking University and director of the National
Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering and China’s
leading authority on plant genetics
He is the vice-chairman of the Chinese Biotechnology
Association and Chinese Plant-Genetic-Engineering Association. Dr. Chen
holds a doctorate in molecular biology from Washington University in St.
Louis, and in 1991 received the Javed Husain Prize for Young Scientists, an
international prized awarded by UNESCO. In 1994, Time elected Dr.
Chen to the Global 100 Time Roster of Young Leaders for the New Millennium.
Hans-Peter
Duerr, Ph.D., is a world-renowned nuclear physicist and philosopher,
and the former director of the Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich and
one-time protégé of Werner Heisenberg. He was the recipient of the Right
Livelihood Award in 1987, the Alternative Nobel Prize, was a Council member
of Pugwash, which won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995, and holds advisory
positions to many international organizations. Dr. Duerr received his Ph.D.
from the University of California at Berkeley.
Mustafa El
Tayeb is director of UNESCO’s Division of Science
analysis and Policies, Natural Science Sector.
Gerard
Fairtlough is a biochemist who worked in the Royal
Dutch/Shell group for 25 years, the last five as CEO of Shell Chemicals U.K.
He then founded the biotechnology company Celltech and was its CEO until
1990. Since then he has been involved in the start-up of several
high-technology businesses in the U.K. and has been an advisor to various
government and academic institutions. He has been a council member of the
University of East Anglia, located in Norwich, England, and has several
other academic advisory posts. Mr. Fairtlough has written extensively on the
theory and practice of organizations and of innovation.
Kevin T.
Fitzgerald, S.J., Ph.D., is a Jesuit Priest and an
assistant professor in the Department of Medicine at the Loyola University
Medical Center in Chicago. He received a Ph.D. in molecular genetics and a
Ph.D. in Bioethics from Georgetown University. His current research focuses
on the investigation of abnormal gene regulation in cancer and research on
ethical issues in human genetics.
Shinji
Fukukawa is chairman and CEO of the Dentsu
Institute for Human Studies, Japan. Before joining Dentsu in November 1994, he was
executive vice president and vice chairman of Kobe Steel Ltd. and senior
adviser of Nomura Research Institute. He serves concurrently as senior
adviser to the Japan Industrial Policy Research Institute and to the
Ministry of International Trade & Industry. Mr. Fukukawa is a member of the
board of the U.S.-Japan Foundation and the World Resources Institute.
Jane
Goodall, Ph.D., primatologist and doctor of
ethology, Cambridge University, arrived at Gombe, Tanzania in 1960 and lived
with the chimpanzees there for a decade. This was the longest continuous
field study of animals in their natural habitat and revolutionized the study
of primates. Over the years her studies have shown the many striking
similarities between humans and chimpanzees. To provide ongoing support for
chimpanzee research, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife
Research Education and Conservation in 1977. In 1991, Dr. Goodall founded
the Roots & Shoots youth program, the JGI environmental education and
humanitarian program for youth, which now has more than 1,000 groups in 50
countries. Her honors include the Kyoto Prize in Bai Science, and the Animal
Welfare Institute’s Albert Schweitzer Award.
Michael
Green, is an illustrator, artist, and author who
works in the tradition of the nameless shamanic artisan and engages in
making ceremonial environments and ritual artifacts. As an author and
illustrator, his works include the I Ching Journals, Zen and the Art of
the Macintosh, and The Illuminated Rumi.
Irving
Greenberg, Ph.D., is an orthodox rabbi and
received his doctorate from Harvard University. Rabbi Greenberg is the
president of Jewish Life Network, and formerly was founding president of the
National Jewish Center for Learning and Leadership. Earlier in his career he
served as rabbi of the Riverdale Jewish Center, as associate professor of
history at Yeshiva University, and as founder, chairman and professor in the
Department of Jewish Studies of City College of the City University of New
York. President Clinton appointed Rabbi Greenberg to the United States
Holocaust Memorial Council.
Guanghu
He, Ph.D., received his Ph.D. in philosophy from
the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1989. He is currently a research
fellow on world religion and his books and publications include: A
Concept of God, The Twentieth Century View on Religion, Global Ethics,
Dialogue between Confucianism and Christianity, and
Religion and the World.
Martinez
Hewlett, Ph.D., O.P.L., is a professor of
molecular biology at the University of Arizona. Dr. Hewlett is particularly
interested in the philosophical aspects of science and is active in the St.
Albert the Great Forum on Theology and the Sciences. He is a lay member of
the Dominicans, and participates in Science and the Spiritual Quest,
a project of the John Templeton Foundation, at the Center for Theology and
Natural Science, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, CA.
William
Hurlbut, M.D. is a physician and consulting
professor in the
Program in Human Biology at Stanford University. After receiving his
undergraduate and medical training at Stanford, Dr. Hurlbut completed his
post doctoral studies in theology and medical ethics, first studying under
Robert Hamerton-Kelly. Dr. Hurlbut’s main areas of interest involve the
ethical issues associated with advancing technology and neuroscience and the
integration of the philosophy of biology with Christian theology. In January
2002, Dr. Hurlbut was appointed to the President's Council on Bioethics. Dr. Hurlbut
has co-taught integrative courses at Stanford with Luca Cavelli-Sforza,
director of the Human Genome Diversity Project, and Nobel Prize winner
Baruch Blumberg. Dr. Hurlbut also works with the Center for Security and
International Cooperation on a project formulating policy on Chemical and
Biological Warfare and with NASA on projects in Astrobiology.
Joseph
Jacobs, M.D., M.B.A. received his medical degree
from Yale University and obtained his MBA at the Wharton School of Business.
Dr. Jacobs served as director of the Office of Alternative Medicine,
National Institutes of Health and he has authored and/or contributed to
eight books including Cancer: Principles and
Practice of Oncology, Medical Futility and the Evaluation of Life Sustaining
Interventions and Community-Oriented Primary Care: From Principles to
Practice.
Kim Jobst,
M.D., is a former consultant at Glasgow
Homeopathic Hospital and is visiting professor of complementary medicine at
Oxford Brookes University. He is editor-in-chief of the Journal of
Alternative and Complementary Medicine and a member of the Prince of
Wales's working group on integrated medicine. His research interests include
science and healing, particularly in relation to dementia and the interface
of alternative and complementary medicines with orthodox science and
medicine. He is training as a Jungian analytical psychologist. His main
interest is the healing of the whole person and the symbolic nature of the
therapeutic encounter.
Bruce
Katz, founder of Rockport Shoes, co-owner of
various Internet companies and internationally engaged in corporate
responsibility networks.
James F.
Keenan, S.J., is associate professor of Christian
ethics at the Weston School of Theology, Cambridge, MA, and chair of the
AIDS and Ethics Committee of the Society of Christian Ethics. Dr. Keenan has
published a popular book entitled Virtues for Ordinary Christians. He is
also well known in the scholarly and medical establishments for his books on
Catholic Ethicists on HIV/AIDS Prevention,
Commandments of Compassion, Practice what you
Preach: Virtues, Ethics, and Power in the Lives of Pastoral Ministers and
Congregations and other texts.
Dr. Ursula
Keller, Ph.D., is program director of
Literaturhaus, Hamburg, Germany. Born in Poland, Dr. Keller studied German
philosophy at Goettingen, Tübingen, and Aix-en-Provence Universities. She is
a journalist and drama critic.
Robert Lanza, M.D., is vice president of medical &
scientific development at Advanced Cell Technology, a leader in mammal
cloning. He is a former Fulbright Scholar and was nominated for the MacArthur Foundation “genius” award. Dr. Lanza collaborated on research with Richard Hynes, Gerald Edelman and Jonas
Salk. He also worked closely (and coauthored a series of papers) with
the late B.F. Skinner and heart transplant pioneer Christian Barnard.
Walter
Link, chairman Global Academy,
international business and social entrepreneur and pioneer in the field of
corporate social and environmental responsibility. He is co-chair of the
Board of Advisors.
Ulrich
Loening, Ph.D., is a molecular biologist at the
University of Edinburgh. Dr. Loening is the former director and ‘founding
chair’ of the Centre of Human Ecology, and currently teaches in its Masters
of Science program.. He is co-founder of Lothian and Edinburgh Environmental
Partnership and also founded a small sustainable forest timber company,
Lothian Trees and Timber. He continues his interests in the biochemistry of
organic farming and the place or otherwise of genetically modified crops.
David
Lorimer, M.A., P.G.C.E., was educated at Eton and
the Universities of St. Andrews and Cambridge and he taught modern languages
and philosophy at Fettes College and Winchester College before becoming
director of the Scientific and Medical Network. Retiring from this post, he
continues with the Network as a consultant and as editor of Network.
He is the vice-president of the International Association for Near-Death
Studies (U.K.) and chair of Wrekin Trust, a charity devoted to adult
spiritual education, and of the All Hallows House Foundation for research in
complementary medicine. He is the current president of the Swedenborg
Society.
Amory
Lovins is the chief executive officer – research
and co-founder of the Rocky Mountain Institute, a 15-year-old
independent, nonprofit resource policy center established to advise firms
and governments worldwide on advanced resource productivity. A physicist
educated at Harvard and Oxford, he is the recipient of a MacArthur
Fellowship, and the Nissan, Mitchell, and Onassis Prizes. He has briefed
nine heads of state, published 26 books, and consulted for scores of
industries and governments worldwide. The Wall Street Journal named him
among 28 people in the world most likely to change the course of business in
the 1990s. His work focuses on transforming the car, electricity, and real
estate toward advanced resource productivity.
Hunter
Lovins
is the Director of the Natural
Capitalism Academy of The Global Academy Trained as a lawyer, she co-founded
the California Conservation Project (Tree People), and subsequently Rocky
Mountain Institute, which she led for 20 years. Hunter has lectured
extensively in over 15 countries, including at the World Economic Forum at
Davos, The International Symposium on Sustainable Development in Shanghai,
and the Global Economic Forum in Washington D.C. Her areas of expertise
include sustainable development, energy and resource policy, economic
development, climate change, land management, and fire rescue and emergency
medicine. She has co-authored nine books and numerous papers, including the
1999 book, Natural Capitalism. She has held visiting chairs at
Dartmouth College
and the University of Colorado, and
received several honorary doctorates. Lovins has
consulted for scores of industries and governments worldwide. She shared a
1982 Mitchell Prize, a 1983 Right Livelihood Award (often called the
"alternative Nobel Prize"), the 1993 Nissan Prize, and the 1999 Lindbergh
Award. In 2000 She was named Time Magazine Hero of the Planet. In
2001 she received the Shingo Prize for Manufacturing Research and the
Leadership in Business
Award. She was also named one of four people from North America to serve as
a delegate to the United Nations Prep conference for Europe and North
America for the Earth Summit conference.
Inigo
Manglano-Ovalle is a world-renowned artist who
works extensively on imaging genetics and related issues and was awarded the
prestigious National Endowment for the Arts Visual Artist Fellowship.
John
Naisbitt is chairman of the International Board of
Advisors for the Global Academy. He is the author of such best-sellers as
Megatrends and High Tech High Touch and eight other books, is a
much sought-after speaker and advisor to many of the world’s leading
corporations and heads of state. Mr. Naisbitt has been an executive with IBM
and Eastman Kodak, as well as a successful entrepreneur. He holds 12
honorary doctorates in the humanities and sciences, and has been a visiting
fellow at Harvard University. He is currently Distinguished International
Fellow, Institute of Strategic and International Studies, Malaysia in Kuala
Lumpur.
John
O’Donohue is a poet, priest, philosopher and
scholar from Connamara, Ireland. He was awarded a Ph.D. in philosophical
theology from the German University of Tubingen in 1990 and is author of a
book on Hegel’s philosophy, Person als Vermittlung published in
Germany in 1993. His other writings reveal an original thinker rooted in an
unorthodox blend of Irish heritage, German philosophy, and an intimate
relationship with the landscape of his home.
Ted Peters
Ph.D., is professor of systematic theology at
Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary and at the Graduate Theological Union
in Berkeley, California, and program director for the Science & Religion
Course Program at the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences. He
served as principal investigator for a research project funded by the
National Institutes for Health on Theological and Ethical Questions
Raised by the Human Genome Initiative. Professor Peters serves as a
member of the Ethics Advisory Board for the Geron Corporation. He is the
author of numerous books.
Tom Peters
is the author of In Search of Excellence, a book said to have changed
the way business does business, as well as many other books on business and
training. Mr. Peters is founding chairman of a business consulting firm, the
Tom Peters Group. He graduated from Cornell and received his M.B.A. and
Ph.D. from Stanford. He was a senior White House drug abuse advisor in
1973-74, and worked at McKinsey & Co. from 1974-1981, becoming a partner in
1977. Mr. Peters is a fellow of the International Academy of Management, the
World Productivity Association, the International Customer Service
Association, and the Society of Quality and Participation.
Nancy Prager-Kamel
is the head of Investment Banking at US
Securities and is experienced in financial services, global business
development and strategic and structural blueprinting. She also serves on
the steering committee for Tri State Ventures, a New York based Angel
Investment Corporation. Mrs. Kamel concurrently is President of Ark
Development Group, a business development-financial advisory corporation,
which she founded in 1996. Her honors include listings in “Who’s Who of
Women in the World”, ”Who’s Who of American Women”, “Distinguished Men and
Women of the World”, ”Who’s Who in the East”, and others.
Ren-Zong Qiu Ph.D.,
is chairman of the ELSI Committee, Human
Genome Project in China. At the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Dr. Qui
is a senior research fellow, a professor of the Department of Philosophy,
the director of the Bioethics Program, and honorary director of the Center
for Applied Ethics. He is vice president of the Chinese Society for
Philosophy of Nature, Science and Technology and vice president of the Asian
Bioethics Association.
Abdulaziz Sachedina, Ph.D.,
is professor of religious studies at the
University of Virginia. Professor Sachedina
specializes in political Islam, religious conflict resolution through
analysis of Islamic legal traiditon, the roots of religious and political
pluralism, and human rights in the Middle East, Pakistan, and East Africa.
He is a core member of the Islamic Roots of Democratic Pluralism Project in
the Center for Strategic and International Studies’ Preventive Diplomacy
Program and a key contributor to the program's efforts to link religion to
universal human needs and values in the service of peace building.
Jeff Schloss, Ph.D.,
is professor of biology at Westmont College, Santa Barbara,
and director of Biological Programs for the Christian Environmental
Association. Professor Sclhoss’s areas of interest include biological
racism, social impacts and theological implications of biological theory,
and evolutionary theories of human moral behavior and the conflicts and
congruencies between such theories and traditional religious explanations.
Casper Shih, Ph.D., is president of the Global Chinese
Competitiveness Foundation in Taiwan. He is the former president of the
China Productivity Center, an institution he founded to spearhead the
modernization of the Taiwanese economy. Dr. Shih is an honorary fellow of
the Asian Productivity Organization.
Donald W. Shriver, Jr. Ph.D.,
is an ordained minister who holds numerous degrees
from prestigious institutions, including Yale University Divinity School
and Harvard University. Dr. Shriver was president of Union Theological
Seminary in New York for 15 years and has also served as a Presbyterian
pastor in North Carolina, and an ethics professor at Emory University.
Professor
Alexander McCall Smith is vice chair, Human
Genetics Commission, U.K., and professor of Medical Law at the University of
Edinburgh. Prof. Smith's main areas of interest are in the fields of medical
law and criminal law. He is the co-author of a major textbook on law and
medicine. He is also the author of several books on criminal law, including
a book on the criminal law of Botswana. He is interested in legal and
philosophical aspects of responsibility, and recently co-edited a book on
the duty to rescue and a book on forensic aspects of sleep disorder. He is
also a well-known author of novels, short stories and childrens' books.
Jean
Staune is the founder and executive director of
the Université Interdisciplinaire de Paris, which has organized some of the
most important meetings in science and religion in Europe. He is assistant
professor in philosophy of science in the MBA section of HEC (Paris) and
has several degrees from French Universities. His current
research concerns the meeting point between contemporary discoveries in
physics, astronomy, mathematics, biology, neurology, and the probability of
the existence of God.
Richard
Strohman, Ph.D.,
is emeritus professor at the
University of California, Berkeley. He has served as the chair of the
Zoology Department, and director of the Health and Medical Sciences Program,
both at Berkeley, and has worked at Berkeley on the molecular and cell
biology of development for 35 years. In 1992, while on leave, he was
research director for the Muscular Dystrophy Association's fight against
neuromuscular diseases. Prof. Strohman is an
active proponent of careful re-examination of genetic engineering
applications.
Chris Y H. Tan, Ph.D.,
is the
founding
director of the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University
of Singapore. Dr. Tan returned to Singapore from a very distinguished career
overseas to start IMCB in 1987. Through its discoveries, the Institute has
established an international reputation for its research.
Nandini
Tandon, Ph.D., partner Life Sciences Venture Fund,
has joined RBC Capital Partners after 14 years experience in successfully
bridging scientific technologies with business applications in three
high-tech industries, biotechnology, pharmaceutical and semiconductors at
companies including: Zyomyx, Hyseq Inc., Chiron, Glaxo and Microelectronics
Center North Carolina. Dr. Tandon's experience encompasses corporate
partnering, strategic alliances, licensing opportunities and sales &
marketing. Dr. Tandon founded Bay Bio Tech Link, a consulting practice
focusing on technology partnering. Prior to that Dr. Tandon was chief
business officer of Zyomyx and was vice president of corporate development
and corporate communications at Hyseq, Inc. A phi beta kappa, Dr. Tandon
received her doctorate in biochemistry from Duke University.
Brother
Wayne Teasdale, Ph.D. is an adjunct professor at
DePaul University’s School for New Learning, and Columbia College where he
teaches ethics, comparative religion, and spirituality. He serves on the
board of the Parliament of the World’s Religions, and is the chair of its
Spiritual Life Task Force. He is also on the faculty of Common Ground, an
interfaith and intercultural center for continuing education. With the Dalai
Lama and Monastic Interreligious Dialogue, he formulated the Universal
Declaration on Nonviolence.
Robert
Thurman, Ph.D. holds the Jey Tsong Khapa Chair of
Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies at Columbia University, where he also heads
the center for Buddhists Studies. He is co-founder and president of Tibet
House New York, a nonprofit dedicated to preserving the endangered
civilization of Tibet. His interest lies in exploring the Indo-Tibetan
philosophical and psychological traditions to discover whatever universal
insight into the human mind and heart might contribute to a mature modern
psychology. In 1997 he was named one of Time magazine’s most
influential Americans.
Gwangwu
Wang is director of the East Asia Institute. He is
a distinguished professor of history and a former chancellor of Hong Kong
University.
Dr.
Christine von Weizsaecker, director Ecoropa,
writer, molecular and evolutionary biologist, internationally noted
proponent of the Precautionary Principle and negotiator of biodiversity and
bio-safety protocols.
Michael
West M.D. is the
CEO of Advanced Cell Technology.
Dr. West has focused his academic and business career on the application of
developmental biology to age-related degenerative disease. Dr. West founded
Geron Corporation, another leading bio-tech company.
Kathyrn B.
Williams, Ph.D., is founder and principal of KRW
International, a premier executive development consultancy. Prior to
founding KRW, Dr. Williams co-founded and served as senior partner and
director of organizational services to Spectrum Center, a multi-faceted
psychological services organization. An adjunct faculty member at
Greensboro’s Center for Creative Leadership, she also taught at the
Department of Medical Social Science at Bowman Gray School of Medicine and
Wake Forest University.
Zhi-Wei Xu,
M.D., Ph.D. (Edwin C. Hui, M.D., Ph.D.) is
professor of Bioethics and professor of Christianity and Chinese Culture at
Regent College, University of British Columbia. His interests include
medical ethics in a cross-cultural context and inter-faith dialogue. He has
recently finished a book exploring the subject of “personhood and its
implication for ethics at the beginning of human life.”
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